Course of Anglo-French rivalry & reasons, failure of the French
The French attempted to establish a trade link with India as early as 1527, but their appearance on the Indian coasts was late and over time. Initially, both the British and the French came to India for trading purposes, and ultimately became involved in the politics of India and ended up fighting three wars over control of the Carnatic region.
Anglo-French Rivalry in India
1st Carnatic war: It culminated due to the Austrian war of succession in 1746-48. The territory in Canada, Quebec was traded for territory in Madras, India.
2nd Carnatic war: The Second Carnatic War lasted from 1749 until 1754, and saw the British strengthen their position in southern India.
3rd Carnatic war: This war was a watershed moment in the history of Indian colonization, as the French lost to the British in the battle of Wandiwash (1760), leading them to establish their strong foothold in the Indian territory.
Major Reasons of French Failure
Private Enterprise: The English East India Company was a private enterprise; hence decision making was faster and smoother which was unlikely for the French Company as it was government owned.
Naval Superiority: The English Navy being superior was able to cut down vital links between India and France.
Strategic Places: Places like Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were held by the English, whereas the French had only Pondicherry.
Faulty Strategy: French Subordinated their commercial interest to territorial ambition which made the French company short of funds. The British never neglected their commercial interest.
Efficient Leaders: English had many superior commanders like Robert Clive, Sir Eyre Coote, Major Stringer Lawrence, while French had only Dupleix.
Thus, the defeat of French forces not only ended the political supremacy of France, but also it wiped out all possible challenges from other European forces as well and eventually led to the emergence of English East India Company as a powerful and supreme force in the Indian subcontinent.